Research

Optimization of East-West Oriented Photovoltaic Systems for agricultural application in Lebanon

Project Details

Abstract

This work explores the optimization of east-west oriented photovoltaic (PV) systems for agricultural applications in Lebanon. Amid rising global demand for renewable energy, east-west PV configurations are gaining attention for their land-use efficiency, grid stability, and alignment with diurnal energy demand, especially for irrigation needs in agriculture. The work reviews literature highlighting that east-west arrays, particularly vertical bifacial systems, offer more uniform daily power output and require 15–20% less land compared to traditional south-facing panels, while delivering approximately 94% of the energy. Key challenges addressed include shading effects, panel spacing, and tilt optimization. A detailed irradiance model is developed, accounting for five sun-position-dependent shading scenarios throughout the day. The model integrates direct, diffuse, and reflected solar components using view factors and the crossed-strings method to quantify radiation exchange. This physically accurate, geometrically aware approach allows simulation of PV output under various configurations and spacing. Ultimately, the study aims to determine optimal layouts tailored to Lebanon’s agricultural sector, where synchronization with early morning and late afternoon irrigation cycles is critical. This work contributes to the design of space-efficient, energy-optimized agrivoltaic systems that enhance energy self-sufficiency while supporting sustainable land use.