SmartGrow: Intelligent Greenhouse Automation

SmartGrow is an intelligent, Raspberry Pi–based greenhouse module engineered to address the chronic inefficiencies of traditional cultivation erratic illumination, excessive water consumption, and sub-optimal air exchange through three tightly integrated subsystems. First, a hybrid lighting strategy harvests natural sunlight and augments it with spectrum-tuned LEDs whenever ambient levels fall below crop-specific thresholds, sustaining an 18-hour photoperiod tailored to each growth stage. Second, a closed-loop, sensor-driven drip-irrigation network delivers water only when root-zone conditions demand it, eliminating runoff while preserving soil health. Third, a dual-mode ventilation scheme leverages passive buoyancy vents under nominal loads and automatically engages variable-speed fans to maintain precise temperature and humidity set-points during peak stress. Continuous data streams from BH1750 light meters, capacitive moisture probes, BME280 thermo-hygrometers, and MQ-2 gas sensors are processed by the Raspberry Pi, which executes real-time control logic and synchronizes records with a Node.js backend and a React-based dashboard for live analytics, alerts, and role-based user access. Comprehensive engineering analyses including electrical load balancing, fluid-mechanical sizing, and life-cycle cost assessment were performed on a 0.09 m² tomato test-bed, demonstrating compliance with ISO 14001, RoHS, and United Nations SDGs 2, 12, 13, and 15 while retaining cost viability for the Lebanese market. The study concludes that SmartGrow’s synergistic blend of natural resources and targeted automation materially reduces energy and water footprints, enhances crop yield and quality, and provides a scalable, ready-to-deploy platform for sustainable horticulture

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